Investigation of Protective Effect of Matricaria Chamomilla L. Extract on Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rat

Abstract Methotrexate (MTX) was shown to cause oxidative stress and liver damage. The objective was to investigate the possible protective effects of Matricaria Chamomilla L. (chamomile) extract with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on the methotrexate-induced liver toxicity. Twenty four Wistar rats were divided into four groups. MTX group was injected intraperitoneally on days 7 and 14 with 20 mg/kg methotrexate. Groups CE200 (chamomile extract 200 mg/kg/day) and CE300 (chamomile extract 300 mg/kg/day) received the same dose of methotrexate added with chamomile extract orally for 15 days at 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg respectively and the last group was healthy control group. Results of biochemical analyses indicated serum liver biomarkers (aminotransferases), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, and liver content of anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) significantly increased (P <0.05-0.001) to normal in the CE treated groups compared to those of the MTX group. Serum bilirubin and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased (P ˂0.001) in MTX group compared to those of the control group and decreased in CE200 and CE300 groups compared to those of the MTX group. Histopathological study showed inflammatory damage, necrotic cells and lipid infiltration in MTX group. In the groups treated with the chamomile extract, a significant improvement was observed in liver tissue in response to increased dose of the extract. In conclusion, chamomile extract administration could have a protective role in methotrexate-induced liver toxicity in rats through improving anti-oxidant defense system.

TNF-alpha expression, evaluation of collagen, and TUNEL of Matricaria recutita L. extract and triamcinolone on oral ulcer in diabetic rats

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease associated with delayed wound healing of oral ulcers by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular apoptosis. Objective to evaluate the influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and apoptosis in rats with DM treated with chamomile extract or triamcinolone. Material and Methods Wistar male rats (210.0±4.2 g) were divided into five groups: negative control group (NCG) without diabetes; positive control group (PCG) with DM (alloxan, 45 mg/kg); and groups treated with chamomile extract (normoglycemic= NCG group and diabetic= DCG group) and with triamcinolone (TG). Traumatic ulcers were performed on all animals that received topical triamcinolone, chamomile extract or saline 12/12 hours for ten days. Results On days five and ten the animals were euthanized and the ulcers were analyzed by light microscopy, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemically (TNF-α). The NCG (p=0.0062), PCG (p=0.0285), NCG (p=0.0041), and DCG (p<0.0001) groups were completely healed on the 10th day, however, there was no healing on the TG (p=0.5127) group. The TNF-α expression showed a significant reduction from the 5th to the 10th day in NCG (p=0.0266) and DCG (p=0.0062). In connective tissue, the TUNEL assay showed a significant reduction in the number of positive cells in NCG (p=0.0273) and CNG (p=0.0469) and in the epithelium only in CDG (p=0.0320). Conclusions Chamomile extract can optimize the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in diabetic rats through the reduction of apoptosis in the epithelium and TNF-α expression.

Reporte preliminar sobre el efecto de un sustituto salival a base de manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) y linaza (Linum usitatissimum) en el alivio de la xerostomía en adultos mayores / Preliminary report on the efficacy of a chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) based saliva substitute formulated for the relief of xerostomia in the elderly

Introducción: La xerostomía es una condición crónica que afecta a un alto porcentaje de adultos mayores, que deben ser tratados paliativamente mediante el uso de sustitutos salivales; sin embargo estos productos no se encuentran disponibles en el mercado nacional. Objetivos Evaluar la eficacia de un nuevo sustituto salival a base de manzanilla y semillas de linaza en la disminución de la sintomatología asociada a xerostomía en individuos adultos mayores. Metodología Se incluyeron 34 voluntarios adultos mayores con xerostomía de diverso origen. Un nuevo sustituto salival a base de manzanilla y semillas de linaza y un sustituto convencional a base de carboximetilcelulosa fueron testados en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, cruzado, con período de blanqueamiento. Resultados El 100 por ciento de los sujetos presentó sensación de boca seca, el 58,8 por ciento sensación de saliva espesa, el 52,9 por ciento necesitaba beber líquidos para deglutir los alimentos y tenía sensación de dificultad para tragar. La sensación de ardor lingual se registró en el 23,5 por ciento de los individuos. Las enfermedades más frecuentes en la muestra analizada fueron la hipertensión arterial y la artritis. Los resultados del ensayo clínico indican que el sustituto salival a base de manzanilla y semillas de linaza disminuye significativamente la sensación de boca seca y la sensación de saliva espesa (test de Wilcoxon p < 0,05). Conclusión El nuevo sustituto salival a base de manzanilla y semillas de linaza es efectivo en el alivio de la sintomatología asociada a xerostomía en adultos mayores, por lo que puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población afectada por esta condición.

Introduction: Xerostomia is a common chronic health condition that affects a great number of elderly people. Palliative treatment, such as salivary substitutes should be used, but these products are not accessible in the Chilean market. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a new Chamomile and linseed based saliva substitute in the reduction of xerostomía-associated symptomatology in elderly people. Methodology Forty elderly subjects presenting with xerostomia of various origins were selected. Chamomile and linseed based saliva substitute and a carboxymethylcellulose based conventional artificial saliva were tested using a double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical trial with an intervining wash out period. Results All (100 percent) of subjects had a sensation of dry mouth, and 58.8 percent mentioned a sensation of thick saliva, 52.9 percent needed to drink liquids to swallow, and with a sensation of swallowing difficulty. Burning tongue sensation was recorded in 23.5 percent of the patients. The most frequent pathologies in the sample were arterial hypertension and arthritis. Results of the clinical tests showed that Chamomile and linseed based saliva substitute significantly relieves the sensation of dry mouth and the sensation of thick saliva (Wilcoxon test P < .05). Conclusion New chamomile and linseed based saliva substitute was effective in relieving xerostomia symptoms in elderly people, and could improve the quality of life of population affected by this condition.

Efecto sedante del extracto alcóholico de hojas y flores de Melissa officinalis "Toronjil" más Matricaria chamomilla "Manzanilla" sobre la ansiedad inducida en ratones albinos / Sedative effect of the alcoholic extract of leaves and flowers of Melissa officinalis "Toronjil" plus Matricaria chamomilla "Chamomile" on anxiety induced in albino mice

Introducción: Ansiedad enfermedad del milenio, el cual requiere tratamiento para evitar trastorno mayores. Objetivo: Determinar efecto sedante de Melissa officinalis "Toronjil" más Matricaria chamomilla "Manzanilla" sobre ansiedad inducida en ratones albinos. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Material Biológico: ratones, ratas albinos. Intervenciones: Treintaises ratones fueron inducidos a hiperactividad y/o cambios conductuales por NMDA, considerándose grupos 1) SSF 10 mL/kg; 2) NMDA 75 mg/kg; 3, 4, 5) NMDA + Extracto 1, 2, 4 g/Kg correspondientemente, y 6) NMDA + DAP-7 antagónico del NMDA 0.33 nmol/kg; observándose hiperactividad, cambios conductuales, periodo latencia en minutos y porcentaje de protección. Se comparó el efecto sedante con diazepam en 30 ratones: 1) SSF 10 mL/kg; 2) diazepam 50 mg/kg; 3, 4, y 5) Extracto 1, 2, 4 g/kg respectivamente, midiéndose tiempo de dormir (minutos). Se realizó el estudio de estudio de toxicidad crónica a 60 días en 20 ratas divididos en 4 grupos: 1, 2 blanco control 3, 4, (extracto alcohólico) a dosis de 4 g/Kg. por vía oral, se evaluó los niveles tóxicos determinando a nivel, Bioquímicos: urea, colesterol, transaminasas, lipoproteína HDL e histología. Resultados: Los compuestos fenólicos y terpenoídes estuvieron en mayor cantidad en el extracto alcohólico; el 100% (p<0.05) de ratones mostró efecto sedante; los hallazgos hematológicos, bioquímicos se encontraron dentro de los límites aceptados; e histopatológicamente no hubo evidencia de cambios morfológicos. Conclusiones: El extracto alcohólico de hojas y flores de Melissa officinalis "Toronjil" más Matricaria chamomilla "Manzanilla" es sedante en ratones, y sin toxicidad en ratas.

Efectividad antimicrobiana del colutorio de matricaria recutita, en funcionarios de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile / Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Matricaria recutita Mouthwash in the Dentistry Faculty Employees of Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile

El colutorio de manzanilla es un producto natural, no produce tinciones, alteraciones del sabor, no es toxico y puede ser utilizado por pacientes embarazadas, adultos mayores y niños. Se realizó un estudio experimental, con el objetivo de determinar la efectividad antimicrobial del colutorio en base a el extracto de Matricaria recutita l, tipo manzanilla primavera Puelche, el cual fue fabricado por la Dirección de Ciencias Básicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile. Mediante un muestreo no probabilístico se reclutó 32 pacientes, funcionarios de la Facultad de Odontología. La metodología consignó la aplicación del Colutorio de Manzanilla (CM) en 5 pacientes (grupo experimental), Suero Fisiológico (SF) en 6 pacientes (control negativo) y Clorhexidina al 0,12 por ciento (CX) en 7 pacientes (control positivo). Se tomó muestras de la mucosa del carrillo y de superficie vestibular del primer molar superior, previo a la aplicación del colutorio y en 7 intervalos de tiempo; se cultivó en condiciones de aerobiosis a 37 °C por 48 horas. Luego se realizó el recuento bacteriano. Los resultados se analizaron mediante ANOVA para varianzas homogéneas y Kruskall-Wallis para varianzas heterogéneas. Se demostró que el recuento bacteriano no presenta diferencias significativas en los tiempos analizados para mucosa (CM pvalue: 0,2507. CX pvalue: 0,1769. SF pvalue: 0,9397) y para diente (CM pvalue: 0,2540. CX pvalue: 0,2859. SF pvalue: 0,3471), observándose que ningún resultado otorga un pvalue < a 0,05, en los 7 tiempos de aplicación. De esta manera se concluyó que la frecuencia de uso clínico del CM, presenta una mayor disminución de carga bacteriana cada 4 a 6 horas.

Chamomilemouthwashis a natural product,does not causestains, taste disturbances,is non-toxic andcan be used bypregnant patients, the elderlyand children. An experimental studywas performedwith the aimof determining theantimicrobial effectivenessofmouthwashproduced fromMatricariarecutitaextractl, Puelche Manzanilla Primavera Type, which wasproducedby the Department ofBasic Sciences, of the Dentistry Faculty of the Universidad del Desarrollo.Thirty two patients were recruited using anon-probabilitysampling, employees from theSchool of Dentistry.The methodologyof work was defined by the application of chamomilemouthwash(CM) in 5 patients(experimental group),saline(SF) in 6patients (negative control) and0.12 percent chlorhexidine(CX) in 7patients (positive control).Samples were taken from the cheek mucosa and upper first molar bucal surface, prior to the application of chamomille mouthwash and 7 time intervals. The samples were grown under aerobic conditions at 37°C for 48 hours. This was followed by bacterial count. The results, like homogeneous variance, were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis to heterogeneous variances.It was shown thatthe bacterial countdid not differ significantly with the timeanalyzed formucosa (CMpvalue:0.2507. CX pvalue: 0.1769, Pvalue SF: 0.9387 and tooth (CM pvalue <0.2540). CX pvalue: 0.2859. pvalue SF: 0.3471) showing that no resultgives apvalue<0.05,within 7days ofapplication. Thusit was concludedthat the frequency ofclinical use ofchamomilemouthwash, presentsa greater reduction inbacterial loadevery 4 to6 hours.

[ antioxidant activities and total phenolic of Artemisia Martima, Achillea Millefolium and Matricaria Recutica]

Consumption of plant derived antioxidant contributes to reducing risks of certain chronic and degenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to study the antioxidant activities and total phenolic of Artemisia Martima, Achillea Millefolium and Matricaria Recutica. The present study was conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2009. The stem and flower sample of plants were air-dried, and then grinded and were finally extracted by ethanol: water [70: 30] for 48 h in room temperature. Extracts were filtered and dried under vacuum system. The antioxidant activity of three ethanol extract of the medicinal plants, Artemisia martima, Achillea millefolium and Matricaria recutica, were analyzed by five different methods; [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical, 2, 20 azinobis- [3-ethylbenzthiazoline -6-sulphonic acid [ABTS] radical cation,Ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay [FRAP], phosphomolybdenum [PMB] and reducing power [RP]. In addition, for determination of antioxidant components, the total phenolic content was also analyzed. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS software. For all antioxidant activity assays, Artemisia martima had the highest antioxidant activity value and also total phenol content. Antioxidant capacity analyses revealed that the FRAP and DPPH had comparable results. Antioxidant activity at 1 mg/mL, in ABTS were in the order Artemisia martima> Achillea millefolium> Matricaria recutica. Similar trend was observed for PMB content. RP, FRAP and DPPH were in the order Artemisia martima> Matricaria recutica > Achillea millefolium. The extracts showed a variety of antioxidant activities in all antioxidant assay system. This study demonstrated that Artemisia martima crude extract exhibit significant antioxidant activity

Efficiency of Matricaria chamomilla CH(12) and number of doses of rabies vaccine on the humoral immune response in cattle

This study evaluated the effect of Matricaria chamomilla and vaccination frequency on cattle immunization against rabies. Four groups (n = 15 /group) were treated with or without Matricaria chamomilla CH(12) and vaccinated with one or two doses of rabies vaccine (30 day interval). No effect of chamomile was found on cattle immunization against rabies; however, antibody titers were protective in cattle vaccinated twice, while 93.3% of cattle vaccinated only once had titers under 0.5 UI/ml after 60 days. In conclusion, the use of chamomile did not alter the humoral immune response in cattle, and two vaccine doses are suggested for achieving protective antibody titers.

Matricaria chamomilla CH12 decreases handling stress in Nelore calves

Matricaria chamomilla CH12 is a phytotherapeutic or homeopathic product, which has been used to reduce stress. Here, we examined its effect on preventing handling stress in bovines. Sixty Nelore calves were randomly distributed into two equal groups. One group was administered Matricaria chamomilla CH12 in diet and the other the 'control' was not. Animals in both groups were maintained unstressed for 30 days to adjust to the feeding system and pasture, and were then stressed by constraint on the 31th, 38th, 45th and 60th experimental days. Blood samples were taken on these days after animals had been immobilization in a trunk contention for 5 min. Stress was followed by analyzing serum cortisol levels. These peaked on the 45th day and then decreased, but not to baseline, on the 60th day. On the 45th day cortisol levels were significantly lower in animals fed Matricaria chamomilla CH12, suggesting that this product reduces stress. These effects may be a consequence of its inhibiting cortisol production and its calming and anxiolytic effects.